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At a meeting in Moscow on January 18–21, 1971, delegations from the Soviet Academy of Sciences and the United States’ NASA agreed upon the main directions of cooperation in space and a procedure for exchanging the findings of space research. The final document of the meeting was taken as a basis for the preparation of the international Agreement between the Soviet Union and the United States “On Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes” (Moscow, May 24, 1972). This Agreement allowed scientists and specialists of the Soviet Union and the United States to successfully carry out joint research for many years in the fields of space meteorology; the study of the natural environment; exploration of the near-Earth space, the Moon, and planets; and space biology and medicine, as well as to implement a joint manned experimental flight—the “Apollo–Soyuz Test Project” (ASTP)—for development of space-rescue methods.